Chloramphenicol Capsules

1.Mechanism of action:

Binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and peptide chain elongation to exert a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic effect, with bactericidal effect on sensitive bacteria at high concentration. It is highly sensitive to most Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, rickettsia, chlamydia and mycoplasma; strong antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Shigella and Haemophilus influenzae, cross-resistance is rare.

2.Indications:

Severe infections caused by sensitive pathogens when other antibiotics are ineffective, including typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, bacillary dysentery, meningitis, respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, abdominal infection and septicemia; also used for eye, ear, nose and throat infection and skin soft tissue infection, alternative drug for patients with severe infection and antibiotic allergy.

3.Usage and dosage:

Oral administration, swallow with warm water, take with or without food. Adult: 0.25g~0.5g once, 3~4 times a day, the maximum daily dose shall not exceed 2g, the course of treatment is 7~14 days. Pediatric: 25~50mg per kg body weight per day, divided into 3~4 times for administration; neonates and premature infants use the lowest effective dose to avoid gray baby syndrome, strictly follow the doctor's advice.

4.Contraindications:

Contraindicated in patients allergic to this product, amphenicol antibiotics and any excipients of the preparation; contraindicated in neonates and premature infants (except for life-threatening infections under strict medical supervision); contraindicated in patients with a history of bone marrow suppression and aplastic anemia.

5.Cautious population:

Use with extreme caution in patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency (reduce dosage and monitor blood routine and liver and kidney function); use with caution in pregnant and lactating women (the drug can pass through placenta and breast milk, may cause adverse reactions to fetus and infant); elderly patients with reduced bone marrow hematopoietic function use with caution and reduce dosage properly; children use the lowest effective dose for short-term treatment only; patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency use with caution to avoid hemolysis.

6.Adverse reactions:

Hematological system toxicity is the most serious adverse reaction: reversible bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia) is common, which can recover after drug withdrawal; irreversible aplastic anemia (rare but fatal) may occur in long-term or large-dose use. Common gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite and oral mucositis; occasional dizziness, headache, fatigue, rash and pruritus; rare optic neuritis, peripheral neuritis, elevated transaminase and gray baby syndrome (in neonates with overdose).

7.Notes:

This product is a restricted antibiotic, use it only when other antibiotics are ineffective for severe infection, avoid abuse; regular monitoring of blood routine during medication, stop the drug immediately if abnormal blood cells appear; long-term medication should monitor liver and kidney function and nerve function; complete the full course of treatment to avoid bacterial drug resistance; avoid combined use with other bone marrow suppressive drugs to reduce the risk of hematological toxicity.